Property:Has evidence

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How is this statement justified in terms of evidence

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A
Actor Network Theory provides a suitable lens for exploring both technical and human aspects of DSS institutionalization in the forestry domain +	Based on the account that we have developed, we are now able to explain how DSS are institutionalized in the forestry domain and why things have happened.  +
An iterative process of presenting results to subject matter experts enabled them to better +	An iterative process of presenting results to subject matter experts enabled them to better understand, refine and validate the models  +
B
Biomasfor allows to obtain information at different spatial scale +	Stand alone DSS may have limitation in upscaling and downscaling informations.  +
D
DSS allowed to explain better some technical concepts to non-professional stakeholders +	That distinction was not clear to many stakeholders that felt both concepts would lead to heavy restrictions on the use of forests.  +
DSS can help in varying the treatment according to more than one forest function +	This is particularly important for the great impact that wood production has on mountain forest environment.  +
E
End user engagement throughout the development and deployment cycle is very important +	End users can clarify their specific needs  +
Enlarge the decision space by generating a large set of potential management alternatives +	Automatic generation of management alternatives enlarges information for the Decision Maker. It allows to get information on the effects of different management alternatives in the different goods and services. This information is usually limited for decision makers.  +
Enlarged decision space +	Knowledge of potential management alternatives are typical limited among the users  +
G
Growth and Yield models are a key component of forest DSS +	Information about hte impact of management alternatives on future stand development is key to select an alternative instead of another. Knowledge of potential management alternatives is limited among the users. Therefore, growth and yield models allow testing the impact of a large set of management alternatives.  +
I
Interpretative case studies can help reduce the gap between research and practice +	During the process links have been created between researchers and senior professionals.  +
It would have been better to involve some end users at earlier stages of the system development +	Sometimes researchers and developers do not have all the necessary practical experience to understand all the exigencies of the other actors involved in the system.  +
M
Metodology and results are transparent and easy-to-share to non-expert stakeholders +	Low perception of DSS's "easy of use" and of the applied methodology make difficult to show results to non-expert stakeholders.  +
Modular approach helpful in assisting industry uptake +	to be completed  +
N
Need of flexibilization of analytical tools - no overdesigned tool that provides too much features for the use +	It was decided to develop a highly detailed system in order that it could be used in the most complex forest management planning situations encountered in Ireland. The idea was that in simpler planning cases, the components that were not needed could be ignored. However, based on the most recent feedback from the management companies, the overall complexity of the system is off-putting and managers and consultants are apprehensive about the long learning curve associated with using the system.  +
P
Pareto Frontier Techniques are useful for multi-criteria forest management planning +	The practice of multi-criteria forest management planning is often complicated by the need to explicit a priori the goals and preferences of the decision maker. Defining a priori the goals and preferences may not be realistic and lead to poor management decisions (Tóth et al., 2006). Pareto fronteir thecniques are posteriori methods that provide information about the set of efficient solutions (e.g. management plans) and the level of achievement of the different criteria analyed. This information can help the decision-maker understand the trade-offs between competing objectives. The analysis of these trade-offs may provide further insight about the forest management planning problem and help set adequate levels of achievement for various objectives (i.e. defining the goals after having trade-offs information.  +
Plan the system architecture based on a broad view of future possibilities +	The design process was rather ad-hoc and sequential, as a result of step-wise funding becoming available. Therefore, no overall scoping exercise was carried out at the start of the project and the general architecture of the system is inefficient and unstructured.  +
Projection of stand development increases knowledge base +	Knowledge of potential management alternatives are typical limited among the users  +
Provide a simple version of the DSS, which new users can try out and learn quickly +	It was decided to develop a highly detailed system in order that it could be used in the most complex forest management planning situations encountered in Ireland. The idea was that in simpler planning cases, the components that were not needed could be ignored. However, based on the most recent feedback from the management companies, the overall complexity of the system is off-putting and managers and consultants are apprehensive about the long learning curve associated with using the system.  +
Provide missing help-documentation service +	A documentation and helpsystem on the features of the DSS on hardcopy only is not attractive  +
R
Regular ongoing engagement helped maintain interest of users +	to be completed  +
Requirement of specialized skills can discourage some potential users +	Knowledge of GRASS GIS is needed.  +
S
Stakeholders contribution in ranking forest functions +	The public discussions called for a clarification of some concepts about which there were significant misunderstandings and preconceptions.  +
T
The DSS models built must match the knowledge of the local forest managers, so the ability for local +	The DSS models built must match the knowledge of the local forest managers to be accepted  +
The analysis of the actor network interactions allowed to identify the criticalities to be solved in order to develop the collaborative process +	After the presentation of a draft Prezi diagram of the actor network the development team turned its attention to thinking of a series of systems and data to process of people who would need to use certain technologies to institutionalize the new approach.  +
The choice to develop the system in an Excel environment was based on the status of computer +	The choice to develop the system in an Excel environment was based on the status of computer literacy of forest owners and managers at the time of the project start. As a result of the rapid developments in computer use and especially the world wide web, and based on the problems associated with compatibility issues of different Excel versions, we would now chose to develop the system as a web-based application.  +

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